Friday, September 29, 2006

Entrevista audio [dos]

A very short audio interview with Paula & De- 'the real Brighton Pride':

http://www.switchpod.com/users/louperu/The_real_Brighton.mp3

Entrevista audio [uno]

Very short audio interview with De- 'the joy of Soho Pride':

http://www.switchpod.com/users/louperu/The_magic_of_Soho.mp3

Thursday, September 28, 2006

FEPOMUVES

In the early 1980s Maria Elena Moyano played a key role in setting up the 'Federacion Popular de Mujeres de Villa El Salvador' ( FEPOMUVES), Popular Federation of Women of Villa El Salvador, created in 1983, whose mandate included

"reappraising the role of women, training, promoting and valuing ourselves".

As a response to poverty and unemployment the women of FEPOMUVES set up neighbourhood canteens.

"First we get organized, pooling resources so that we have enough to feed our children, but we then take up the challenge of solidarity. So we began identifying with our neighbour’s problems".

By 1987, FEPOMUVES was managing the Glass of Milk Program in the district.

Women's Human Rights (Amnesty International): http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engAMR460031997

Wednesday, September 27, 2006

Maria Elena Moyano

For the last few months I've been reading the book, 'Peru Reader- History, Culture, Politics' and it is only in the last few days before I go that I've been reading about Peru's more recent history. I've been very struck by an interview with Maria Elena Moyano in 1991- an original settler of Villa El Salvador and vice mayor of the municipality, one of Lima's largest. She was a grassroots leader and an articulate proponent of a nonviolent path between state and guerilla terror. Moyano represented a new kind of leader emerging in the 'pueblos jovenes', new towns: young, feminist, afro-peruvian, progressive but not tied to any major political party.

"If I have courage, it's because the Federation women have given it to me. On the same day that [the Shining Path] put a bomb in our offices, we met. We reacted rapidly. This gave me strength and a sense of worthiness. There, the women agreed to reject and repudiate the Shining Path and even publicly name them. Also, inspired by the example of Villa El Salvador, the metropolitan association of soup kitchens agreed to sponsor a march against hunger and terror."

Five months later, Moyano was brutally murdered by a Shining Path assassination squad to silence her criticism of their terror tactics.

Postales de la tienda de café


Violencia política- guerra del guerrilla

The full name of the Shining Path, 'Sendero Luminoso', is the ‘Communist Party of Peru for the Shining Path of José Carlos Mariategui’. It was first coined by its founder and leader, a philosophy teacher called Abimael Guzman who drew inspiration from Mao Zedong and the 1920s Peruvian political theorist José Carlos Mariategui. Guzman was captured in 1992. It is widely condemned for its brutality and executions, including violence deployed against peasants, trade union organisers, popularly elected officials, local civil-activists and the general civilian population.





In the 1980's it became clear the Shining Path represented a threat to the state, the government declared an "emergency zone" in the Ayacucho area, and granted the military the power to arbitrarily arrest any suspicious person. The military used this power with horrific consequences, detaining innocent people and at times subjecting them to torture, rape and execution. In several massacres, the military wiped out entire villages. Military personnel took to wearing black ski-masks to hide their identity as they committed these crimes.

Palabra del dia [seis]

viaje m trip, journey; vicio m vice; pasario de~ F have a great time F; vida f life; en mi~ never (in my life);

Tuesday, September 26, 2006

Viajo

21 days to go. yikey crikes.

Monday, September 25, 2006

Futbol

FBC Melgar of Arequipa are the peruvian Barcelona. Unfortunately, their team 'los dominos' lost 2 nil away to Cienciano so el papas go 3rd, behind Alianza Lima and La U's!

Apparently, Arequipa 'la ciudad blanca' is peru's second most important city but I think the Cusquenas might have something to say about that. The Arequipans are highly political, like the catalan 'burros'.

Delicious dishes [seis]- los mejillones barbudos

Paul's Paella Recipe - the first meal I cooked for Lou!

All quantities are very approximate, it's all done by sight and cost!

A kilo of mussels or so, less if they are pricey!
A handful of squid, cuttlefish is just as good
A handful of shell on prawns, optional, nice to put on top.
At least a handful of peeled prawns
Some chicken ( 2-3 thighs) or pork (a chop or 2) or even some rabbit if you're feeling adventurous, chopped into about 1" cubes
A red or yellow pepper, chopped into cubes
A couple of onions, chopped
A couple of garlic cloves, chopped
Rice, paella rice is best but you can use basmati
A cup of frozen peas (defrost by adding a little boiled water)
Some veg stock, marigold bouillon powder is great, about a pint.
If you have them, put a couple of saffron threads in the stock to colour and flavour it a bit.


Clean the mussels, which means scrape off any unsightly bits, and remove the beards. Prepare the squid, and chop into whatever shapes you fancy, rings, cubes, it's up to you. Chop up one onion and sweat in some olive oil in a big saucepan with a lid. Once nicely soft, add the mussels, a cup of white wine (or stock if none is handy) and put on the lid. Shake occasionally, and take quick peeks. Keep cooking until the mussels are nicely open. Put aside but KEEP THE JUICE! Once they have cooled a bit, remove some of the mussels from their shells, but leave some in the shells to poke in later.

In the largest frying pan you have, a wok may do, slowly cook the other onion until soft. If you plan to make this regularly pick up a paella pan when next on holiday in Spain. Once the onion is cooked, add the meat and brown it slightly. Now add the garlic, squid, peppers, peas, and cook for a few minutes. Now add the rice, as much as you fancy, it's really dependant upon how much paella you want! Fry the rice with all the other
ingredients for a few minutes until it goes more opaque. Now add the juice from the mussels, the peeled prawns, the stock and the mussels removed from their shells. Salt and pepper quite generously. Let this cook slowly until the rice is nice and cooked, mix around a bit at the start, but less later on as you want it to stick a bit at the bottom (the crunchy stuff at the bottom is the best bit). You may have to keep topping up with water until the rice is cooked. It will probably take 30-45 minutes.

When you are almost ready to serve, quickly fry the shell on prawns and some garlic in a little butter or olive oil, until lightly browned, and sprinkle over the paella, at the same time, poke the remaining mussels in their shells into the rice to warm them through. You can swap, skip or alter the quantities of most of the ingredients, for example you can add firm white fish such as monkfish, crab claws, you can make it without the meat. I have made it without mussels when they weren't available, but to be honest it is best with mussels or at least some sort of clams.

I think that's it, it's not as horrific as it sounds, and is delicious.

Enjoy!


Saturday, September 23, 2006

Pequeno bebe Walt con mama y papa

Here's Walt... just woken up. H&P a little sleepy-eyed themselves..!

Friday, September 22, 2006

TAFOS fotos inauguración

September 2006- TAFOS fotitos de la Expo de la PUCP, Lima. The touring exhibition will be running in Cusco whilst I am there and I hope to meet some of the photographers.

The Social Photography Workshops (Talleres de Fotografia Social or TAFOS) was a ground-breaking organisation, founded in 1985. The TAFOS project organised a network of grassroots photographers in Peru: farmers, miners and members of ethnic communities- all making a diverse group whose view of the world is rarely recorded by photographs. By the late 1990's an extraordinary collection of powerful images (150,000 negatives) were archived at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú's Science and Art of Communication Program.

"When Peru was going through Sendero's high tide, it staged "armed strikes." It threatened to kill anyone who dared to go to work during the strike. Buses were burned. Drivers were tracked down and killed. The police and military were equally decided in keeping the buses running."

Fátima López/TAFOS


"On the high plateau of Puno in southern Peru, a marriage party proceeds with the bride and groom mounted on horses. Passing under the arch of flowers endows the couple with prosperity."

Gabino Quispe/TAFOS Ayaviri

Thursday, September 21, 2006

El poderoso Hackney!

It was quite rightly pointed out to me at futbol training last night [thanks Mia!], that despite manchester united being one of 3 things I'll miss, that list should also include 22 women in red shirts and black shorts- the mighty Hackney! I will miss them terribly this season but I don't think the Manager De will miss my offers of over-elaborate team formations and high-faluting tactic strategies. And I know the players won't miss my tellings off at half-time, "no fancy sh*t!".

Sue Sharples Cup Final half-time team talk- 26 May 2006 Wembley FC (Final score HWFC 1 v Long Lane 0)

Lobo del rio

Debbie W was telling me about how she saw these amazing giant otters (tarquin) in the peruvian amazon- I didn't believe her.

The Giant Otter, Pteronura Brasiliensis, also known as the 'river wolf' is native to South America and is a rare but endangered species. The Giant Otter can reach up to 6ft in length. The river wolf has a lifespan of 12yrs, is a highly social animal and lives in extended family groups.

Wednesday, September 20, 2006

Unos pandemonium de loros y de una nutria gigante

Southern Peru's Amazonian Tambopata-Candamo Reserve can only be accessed by boat and is located in the region of 'Madre de Dios'. In this amazing biological reserve 3 different ecosystems converge together: the Amazonian plain, the eastern slopes of the Andes and the Pampas ecosystem.

Pair of binoculars, anyone?! The reserve contains an enormous biodiversity amongst the habitats of each ecosystem:
  • 165 species and 41 families of trees
  • 103 species of mammals
  • 1300 species of butterflies
  • 592 species of birds
  • 152 varieties of dragonflies
  • 135 types of ants
  • 127 species of amphibians
  • 94 species of fish
  • 74 types of reptiles
  • 40 species of termites
  • 39 varieties of bees.
Amongst these are 13 endangered species including the jaguar (panthera onca), the giant otter 'nutria' (pteronura brasilensis), the ocelot (felis pardalis), the harpy eagle (harpia harpyja) and the giant armadillo (priodentes giganteus). One of the highlights of the reserve is the Colpa de Guacamayos which is one of the largest natural clay licks in Peru. These copper-coloured cliffs attract thousands of macaws and parrots 'loros' each day who come to feed on the mineral salts contained in this area.





Tuesday, September 19, 2006

Clima tropical de la sabana

The second from bottom team, Club Alianza Atlético de Sullana are situated in the north-western coastal plains of Peru in the Chira valley.

With a tropical savanna climate and an average temperature of 26°C/ 80°F it's no wonder Cienciano of the montañas were stuffed 4-1, slipping to 5th in the league!? And guess who's back on top with a 3-nil thrashing of Sport Ancash?! Alianza Lima.


The city of Sullana is irrigated by the waters of the Chira river sourced from the Ecuadorian Andes. The surrounding area is very fertile and there is much lush, tropical vegetation: Coconut palm trees, banana trees and paddy fields. Sullana is an important commercial centre in one of Peru's major cotton- growing areas.

Monday, September 18, 2006

Delicious dishes [cinco]- empanada inglesa clásica

Lozzer, also north london community has a recipe for a pie!

Lozzer's Steak & Ale pie recipe:

Serves 4.
1.5 pounds of chopped steak/ beef.
6oz kidneys
1 large onion (or 2 medium)
Large handful of mushrooms
1.5 tablespoon plain flour
Mixed herbs
Worcester sauce
7-8 fl.oz beef stock
7-8 fl.oz ale
Ready to roll puff pastry

Tips: don't get stewing steak. I did once and it was really chewy. I would recommend going for good quality meat (I recently got the end of the rump which was about £4 a pound. Going to a butchers is always a good idea, especially for getting a whole load of kidney which is really cheap, so if you're feeling a bit skint, just use less steak and more kidney!)

Method: fry chopped onion in a large pan. Then add steak and kidney and brown it off. Once the meat is cooked, add the flour and mix in with the meat. Next add the stock and the ale (I normally do about half and half, but you can choose your own measures), herbs, worcester sauce and mushrooms. Simmer on a low heat for 2 hours, stirring occasionally to stop it from sticking. Transfer the meat mixture into a pie dish and cut the pastry to fit (leaving a bit over the edge). If you like you can ponce around fitting a strip to the side of the pie dish first, then press the lid onto the edges - but personally I can't be arsed with this. Press the lid onto the edges of the pie dish and spread some milk over the top to make it go brown. Cook in the oven at about 200 (need to check this) for 30-40 minutes.

Hey presto. A fab pie to impress your friends. Serving suggestion- with mashed potatoes with leeks mixed in, and a green vegetable.

L

"Ninguna mierda!"

Guano, the collected droppings of seabirds and bats, is a highly prized and effective fertilizer due to its high levels of phosphorus and nitrogen. The high concentration of nitrates also made guano an important strategic commodity.

The War of the Pacific 1879-1884, between the Peru-Bolivia alliance and Chile was primarily based upon Bolivia's attempt to tax Chilean guano harvesters. Chile gained substantial mineral-rich territory in the conflict, annexing both the Peruvian province of Tarapaca and the Bolivian province of Litoral, leaving Bolivia as a land-locked country.

The British firm of Antony Gibbs & Sons of London played a major role in the guano industry. Gibbs had been merchants in Lima since Spanish colonial days. They signed their first guano-trading contract with the Peruvian government in 1842, and their last in 1861. At times, Gibbs was the dominant company in the guano trade, primarily because from 1847 onward it held the monopoly of selling Peruvian guano (the best in the world) in Britain and North America. In the 1840s, Gibbs was buying guano in Peru for $15 a ton and selling it for an average of $50 a ton; generally importing about 100,000 tonnes a year and more than 300,000 tonnes in 1858.


The problem for the Peruvian government was that it usually spent each year's guano income before it received it, borrowing money all the time. Thus the nation ended in 1861 practically bankrupt. For example, Gibbs paid the 1842 contract money in advance as a loan to the Peruvians, and 84% of it was spent on equipping the army for a war against Bolivia. Gibbs maximized their profit by selling 90% of their guano through their own agents in London, Liverpool, or Bristol, where Gibbs agents operated. Guano continued to be exported to Britain for a number of years but with the advent of nitrates and mined rock phosphate, the guano trade diminished considerably because the new products had a high and more reliable quality. In the 1870s the guano market crashed: tonnages dropped to about 100,000 a year, and petered out by 1885.

This one's for you, my lovely friend Adrian!


foto Proabonas/ Peru










"The west front of Tyntesfield, the Victorian Gothic Revival house designed by John Norton. Tyntesfield, built by my great, great, great, great grandfather. All from Penguin poo!"- Adrian.

Palabra del dia [cinco]

Paja f straw; pajarita f bow tie; pájaro m bird

Friday, September 15, 2006

Delicious dishes [cuatro]- tailandes del verde

Curry tailandés del verde de la gamba

As cooked by missy milligan's own fair hands last night. Served with a nice dry white wine...

missy milligan's recipe:

ingredientes

2 garlic cloves (crushed)
1" root ginger (finely chopped)
half red chili (finely chopped)
baby corn (cut in halves)

coriander stalks for a more subtle flavour (chopped)
coriander leaves for garnish
3 large spring onions (finely chopped)- not your usual over-trimmed, over-packaged, flavourless supermercado rubbish!
mange tout (chopped)
1/3 white cabbage (thinly sliced)
1 yellow pepper (chopped)
gambos grandes del rey
green thai stir-fry sauce
groundnut oil
thai fragrant rice

preparación

chopping + timing + heat = delicious food every time!

Put the herbs into cold ice water before cooking to refresh and bring them back to life! In the wok heat the groundnut oil, when a high temperature add the spring onions, ginger and chili. Crush the garlic and add 30secs later (otherwise will burn). Add all the vegetables except the cabbage. You will know if going well as will start to smell the aromatics! Couple of minutes stirring. Add the prawns for a couple of moments, add the sauce for a couple of moments.

Boil the rice for less than 10 minutes in lightly salted water stirring a couple of times.


Hey presto!

'La ciudad perdida de los Incas'

The 'Lost City of the Incas' Machu Picchu, quechua meaning 'Old Peak'.

The largest peak Huayna Picchu, means 'Young Peak', and is also known as the "hitching post of the sun." Forgotten for centuries by the outside world, although not by locals, it was rediscovered by a Yale Archaeologist Hiram Bingham in 1911.

Peru is pursuing legal efforts to retrieve thousands of artifacts that Bingham removed from the site.

The city was built by the Sapa Inca Pachacuti starting in 1440 and was inhabited until 1532. Archaeological evidence shows that Machu Picchu was not a conventional city, but a country retreat town for Inca nobility. The site comprises of 140 constructions and has a large palace and temples dedicated to Inca deities around a courtyard, with other buildings for support staff. It is estimated that a maximum of only about 750 people resided in Machu Picchu at any one time. All of the construction uses polished dry-stone walls of regular shape. The technique called ashlar, involves blocks of stone cut to fit together tightly without mortar.

There are water fountains interconnected by channels and water-drainages perforated in the rock, designed for the original irrigation system. The system was used to carry water from a holy spring, to each of the houses in turn, the order being dictated by the percieved holiness of the inhabitants. It is suspected that this holy spring was at least a factor in the inca's decision to build the city in such a remote location and could hint at the city's true purpose.



Tres cosas que faltaré

Welcome back campeón Ole Gunnar Solskjaer. We missed you.

Three things I'll miss:

Sitting around my friends kitchen tables enjoying their delicious dishes- I've realised I do this a lot. My friends are totally responsible for my healthy eating over the last 12yrs.

Drinking fresh coffee out of my red dog mug which Han gave to me.

Paul Scholes & 10 other men in red shirts and white shorts.

Thursday, September 14, 2006

Pequeño bebé Walt

Afro-peruvian musica

In the early 1700's when slaves were banned from using drums by the colonialists and the Catholic Church their rhythmical songs were adapted to the cajón—a wooden box of agricultural origins and a mainstay in Black Peru (now the national instrument of el peru).

A hybridization of African, Indian, Latin, and European music evolved over the next 200 years, but in the late 1950s the African elements of Peruvian music were reborn. The main players include divas Susanna Baca, Eva Ayllon and the band Peru Negro.

The world's first fair trade music company:
http://music.calabashmusic.com/world/Afro_Peruvian

Santos Populares Sarita Colonia

I thought I'd be on my own in el peru but there will actually be two of us- my travelling companion is Sarita Colonia, the 'Santos Populares' (folk saint) and patron saint of homosexuals, bus drivers, taxi drivers, job-seekers and migrants!

Sarita Colonia is a hugh national cult icon but is not officially recognised by the Catholic Church. Born in Lima 1926 and her attempted rape by police and soldiers now represents the protest of the poor & marginalised against abusive authorities. Along with De's St Christopher I think I'm going to be well protected.

Wednesday, September 13, 2006

Protestas amazonian de la tribu

Amazonian tribe protests at oil pollution- indigenous communities of the Peruvian Amazon are stepping up their campaign against oil companies as the rights of indigenous populations are not taken seriously.

Peru's Amazon state, Loreto, takes up almost a third of the entire country. A vast expanse of rainforest divided by tributaries of the Amazon river, even its main city Iquitos is only accessible by boat or plane. The Achuar people, who have lived in harmony with their environment in this part of western Amazon for thousands of years, say their way of life has been systematically violated.

The Federation of Native Communities of the Corrientes' river (FECONACO) says that for every barrel of oil there are nine barrels of contaminated water produced as a by-product: a total of more than a million barrels a day. The water contains high concentrations of hydrocarbons and heavy metals, like lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. The Achuar people say it is destroying the fragile eco-system in which they live, killing the fish and wildlife, contaminating their water source and seriously damaging their health.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/5337802.stm

http://www.amazonalliance.org/

Tuesday, September 12, 2006

Cafe con leche, por favor

Tried my first cup of coffee from the Andes with Sal & Dan. We agreed it does have a light nutty taste with a hint of caramel, exactly what it says on the packet! Fairtrade coffee no less. According to Ceci, coffee is only grown in one place in el peru, Quillabamba- an area outside of Cusco!

www.fairtrade.org.uk

Valle Sagrado

Flatmate Paula gave me this magazine article on el peru. Moving on from Cusco, I will spend a week studying in the River Urubamba valley, more commonly known as the Sacred Valley, which runs west from Cusco to Machu Picchu.

Located in the valley is the Inca archaelogical site of Sacsayhuaman- walls made from massive stones weighing up to 130 tons and fitted together with perfection!

Monday, September 11, 2006

Mi vida del estudiante

My first few weeks will be spent in Cusco learning espanol, staying with a host family, walking the streets, acclimatising to the high altitude and frequenting the local cafes and restaurants- to obviously work on my homework! It's gonna be really, really tough...






Restaurantes en Cusco (Annie's tips..)
La Quinta Choquechaka 384. Open only for lunch 11am-5pm
~Comida tipica (Andean cuisine)
La Retama
Bohemia
El Ayllu Portal de Carnes 208, Nr. Plaza de Armas to the left of the cathedral. Open Mon-Sat 6.30am-11pm, Sun 6.30am-1.30pm ~Good coffee- one of the oldest cafes in Cusco
~pastel de manzana (apple pie)
Amaru Casa de Mirante en a carne [2nd flr]
~comida tipica
Las Angelos Caidos Nr. Monasterio
Los Perros
La Chichalina
Baco
El Muky
~Andean cuisine
~cuy (roasted guinea-pig "wheek!")
~papas rellenos (stuffed potato cakes & ground beef with garlic & chili)
~rocota rellena (hot chili with meat)

~trucha (trout)

Restaurantes

Restaurantes en Lima
Francesco's Malecon de Miraflores, off Avenue de la Ejercito by el Faro (the lighthouse).
~ceviche de lenguado
~tamal de cangrejo (crab)
~tamal de pulp (octopus)
~pisco sour
La Canta Rana Barranco, owned by a Futbol-mad Argentinian.
Astrid y Gaston Super-expensive
Sausages [?] on Avenue de Sol

Delicious dishes [tres]- casa staffolani

No, this is not a foto from Habitat's home lifestyle magazine- but Staffo's delicious dish- a certain 'pollo limon' casa Staffolani!

Staffo's pollo limon recipe:-

Here we go:

Ingredients for 4-6 people

1 chicken (approx. 2-2.25kg) cut 10 pieces (I usually buy cuts like thighs and drum sticks- less hassle!)
1 head of garlic seperated into unpeeled cloves
2 unwaxed limons, cut into chunky eighths
small handful fresh thyme
olive oil (3tbsp)
white wine (big glass about 150ml)
black pepper

Preparation:

Put the chicken pieces into a roasting tin and add garlic cloves, lemon chunks, olive oil and the thyme. Roughly pull the leaves off the stalks, leaving some intact for strewing later. Mix everything together, making sure all the chicken pieces are skin side up. Sprinkle over the white wine and grind on some pepper, then cover tightly with tin foil and put in the oven to cook at low heat, for 2hrs. After, take out the foil from the roasting tin and turn up the oven to 200°C. Cook the uncovered chicken for another 30-45mins. The skin on the meat should turn golden brown and the limons caramelise at the edges. Serve straight from the roasting tin adding the remaining thyme.

I usually serve it with roast new potatoes. Just cut the potatoes into small cubes and spread over the roasting tin. Add some olive oil (2tbsp), rosemary, garlic (2-3 cloves unpeeled) and salt. Cook for 1.5hrs in the oven with the chicken, stirring halfway through to make sure all the sides of the potatoes get slightly brown.

Bon appetite!

San Martin de Porres

Universidad San Martin de Porres travelled from Lima to Cusco to beat Cienciano 0-1. Alianza Lima could only draw but it takes them level at the top with Cienciano. Alianza Lima's arch rivals La U's go 3rd.




San Martín de Porres, a 16th century Dominican friar was born in Lima, the illegitimate son of a Spanish nobleman and a young freed slave woman from Panama. He grew up in poverty and was taken in by the Dominicans as a servant and apprentice barber- he's the patron saint of Barbers!

Saturday, September 09, 2006

Cusquena!

Annie was right, you can buy the Gold of the Inca's down your local sainsbury's! Tu gusta cerveza Cusquena?! Algo mas..!

Friday, September 08, 2006

El presente Elcio Carrico el fotografo

'Caught in the Crossfire', Spitz Gallery, Shoreditch
The lovely Brasilian fotografo Elcio with Ciça & friends at the opening private view of his new photographic exhibition about displaced Afro-Colombian river communities. Caught between rightwing paramilitaries and leftwing guerrillas, the way of life of the people in the river delta of the Yurumanguí is under threat and over three million people have lost their homes. In association with War on Want (fighting global poverty).
http://www.waronwant.org/
http://www.spitz.co.uk/gallery.htm

Thursday, September 07, 2006

Moche artefactos


Moche sacrificio humano

The Moche were well-developed in pottery, textiles, jewellery and metal work which was mainly produced for ritual funerary uses. With no written records, archaeologists have looked to accounts of their times depicted on pots and vessels: the Moche practiced human sacrifice rituals to celebrate or encourage rain. Burial sites have revealed bodies that had been systematically dismembered and marks on the neck vertebrae indicate they had their throats cut or their heads decapitated.

Mapa los reinos norteños de Perú

'Las civilizaciones antiguas perdidas'- the lost and ancient kingdoms of the Moche (200-600AD). In this region alone there are well over 250 mud-brick built pyramids known as 'huacas', sacred ritual sites.





Today, the huacas are so heavily eroded they look like natural hills. There are also remains of a system of mud-brick aqueducts which enabled the Moche to irrigate an extensive part of their desert environment.

Huacas, Lambayeque valley, 1st century A.D.

Wednesday, September 06, 2006

Quipu

The Inca leader, Tupac Inca Yupanqui with his accountant holding a 'Quipu' in an Inca storage warehouse called a 'Collca'. A Quipu is an amazing system of knitted cords used by the Incas to store massive amounts of information. The colours, the way cords were connected, the space between the cords and the knot type were all part of a logical numerical recording system, i.e a gold strand= maize, the second cord= children. The Quipu system consists of a 7-bit binary code capable of conveying more than 1,500 separate units of information. The accountants, known as 'Quipucamayocs', created and deciphered the Quipu knots.

Tupac Inca Yupanqui the 10th Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire (1471-1493) and the son of the Inca Pachacuti. The administrative, political and military centre of the empire was located in Cusco. From 1438-1533, the Incas used conquest and peaceful assimilation to incorporate western South America centered on the Andean mountain ranges: including large parts of modern Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile. The Inca empire was larger than Imperial Rome!

Illustration by the chronicler Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, "Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno" (New Chronicle and Good Government- 398 pen-and-ink drawings), 1615.